From Biological to Artificial Neural Networks There are two basic reasons why we are interested in computational replications of natural neural networks: From a technical viewpoint, some problems such as character recognition require massively parallel and adaptive processing. From a biological viewpoint, artificial neural networks can be used to replicate and simulate components of the human (or animal) brain, thereby giving us insight into natural information processing. In the present talk, I explain the very basic ideas behind artificial neural networks as well as their mathematical desciption and evaluation of their basic capabilities.